As health and human service providers, we are recognizing that few of our clients present for services with only one problem. Instead, they usually come to us with a broad range of problems on several practical, social, economic, and treatment levels. Substantial challenges are inherent in developing effective treatment programs that address the needs of dually and triply diagnosed persons.

How can Cross-Training help us address these challenges? The main point to remember is: HIV/AIDS, mental health problems, substance abuse, homelessness, criminal justice issues, and other problems frequently co-exist. When they do, one sure way of producing actual long-term change in the client is to combine treatment approaches. Clients who receive treatment for only one condition are prone to relapse or experience exacerbation of symptoms related to their other conditions.

Successful program staff look beyond providing care within just one traditional modality of care, whether substance abuse, mental health, or infectious disease prevention and treatment. They become able to understand, accept, and affirm all cultures and lifestyles and to respond to the strengths of the whole person.